ꯁꯥꯏ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯖ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯟꯗꯔ .

ꯁꯥꯏ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯖ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯟꯗꯔ .
ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ:
SAI ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯖ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯟꯗꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ISO15552 (ISO6431)ꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯦꯜ Y-ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯜ, ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯕꯦꯔꯦꯜ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯃꯨꯗ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯀꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯣ.ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯁꯟ, ꯄꯦꯀꯦꯖꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯔꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯌꯨꯖꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ꯫
ꯏꯅꯛꯕꯥꯔꯤ ꯊꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ
ꯋꯥꯔꯣꯜ
ꯏꯅꯛꯕꯥꯔꯤ ꯊꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ

ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ .ꯁꯥꯏ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯇꯦꯀꯇꯒꯤ ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯁ꯭ꯠꯌꯥꯟꯗꯥꯔꯗ ꯗꯕꯜ-ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯡ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯟꯗꯔISO15552 (ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ISO6431)ꯗꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ ꯫ꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯦꯜ y-ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ, ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔꯇꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ . ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦ .tie-ꯔꯣꯗ-ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ, ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯖꯟ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯀꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁꯔꯤꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯎꯟꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫

 

ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯖ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯟꯗꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ

S

ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯥꯏ.

160

A

50

20

S

 

ꯃꯁꯛ ꯁꯥꯕ

ꯕꯣꯔ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯴.

ꯔꯣꯗ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ .

ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯟꯗꯔ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫

ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫

ꯃꯦꯒꯅꯦꯠ

ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯥꯏ.:ꯗꯕꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯡ ꯃꯈꯜ

32 40 50

ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ:ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ

ꯅꯠꯇꯦ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ .

ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯛ:ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯠ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯅꯥ

ꯑꯦꯗ:ꯗꯕꯜ ꯔꯣꯗ ꯃꯈꯜ

63 80 100

ꯑꯦ:ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ.꯴꯲꯰ꯖꯦ.꯲.

ꯑꯦꯁ:ꯃꯦꯒꯅꯦꯠꯀꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ

ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯖꯦ.:ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯛ ꯃꯈꯜ

125 160 200

ꯕꯤ:ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ.꯳꯰꯴ ꯂꯩ꯫

10 20 30 40 50 75 100

 

ꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯤꯕꯥ꯫ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯟꯗꯔꯃꯗꯨ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯔꯥ?
ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ .ꯁꯥꯏ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ꯑꯣꯐꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯣ.ꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯥꯏꯑꯦꯟꯁ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯖ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯃꯨꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟꯂꯥꯏꯠꯋꯦꯠ ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯟꯗꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ꯫

ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯥ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ .ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯗꯦꯇꯥꯁꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯦ.ꯗꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯁ ꯀꯣꯇꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ!

 

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ

ꯕꯣꯔ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ(ꯃꯤꯃꯤ) ꯴.

32

40

50

63

80

100

125

160

200

ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ .

ꯗꯕꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ

ꯃꯍꯤ

ꯑꯦꯌꯔ(꯴꯰μm ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯑꯦꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ)

ꯃꯥꯎꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ
ꯃꯈꯜ

ꯁꯥꯜ ꯴.

ꯕꯦꯁꯤꯛ FA FB CA CB CR LB TC FTC TCM1 TCM2.

saidsaij .

ꯕꯦꯁꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯕꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯇꯤ.ꯁꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.꯱ ꯇꯤ.ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.꯲.

ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ .

꯰.꯱꯵~꯱.꯰ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦ.(꯲꯲~꯱꯴꯵ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯏ.)(꯱.꯵~꯱꯰.꯰ꯕꯥꯔ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯨꯐ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ

꯱.꯵ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦ.(꯲꯱꯵ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯏ.)(꯱꯵ꯕꯥ)

ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯴.

-20~70

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯗ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯃꯤꯃꯤ/ꯑꯦꯁ.

30~800

30~500

ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯛ ꯇꯣꯂꯔꯦꯟꯁ

0~250+6 ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ 251~{3}}b⁵1001~{5}}

ꯀꯨꯁꯟ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ .

ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯑꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯨꯁꯟ

ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯀꯨꯁꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ .

27

30

36

40

50

ꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ [ꯅꯣꯇ꯱] ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

1/8"

1/4"

3/8"

1/2"

3/4"

 

ꯁꯥꯏ .ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯖ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ . ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ

ꯁꯩ꯳꯲x꯲꯵ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯁꯩ꯳꯲x꯵꯰ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

ꯁꯩ꯳꯲x꯷꯵ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

ꯁꯩ꯳꯲x꯱꯰꯰ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

ꯁꯩ꯳꯲x꯱꯲꯵ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯁꯩ꯳꯲x꯱꯵꯰ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯥꯏ.꯴꯰x꯵꯰ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯥꯏ.꯴꯰x꯷꯵ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯥꯏ.꯴꯰x꯱꯰꯰ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯥꯏ.꯴꯰x꯱꯲꯵ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯥꯏ.꯴꯰x꯱꯵꯰ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯥꯏ.꯴꯰x꯱꯷꯵ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯥꯏ.꯴꯰x꯲꯰꯰ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯥꯏ.꯴꯰x꯲꯵꯰ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯥꯏ.꯵꯰x꯵꯰ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

ꯁꯩ꯵꯰x꯷꯵ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯁꯩ꯵꯰x꯸꯰ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯥꯏ.꯵꯰x꯱꯰꯰ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯥꯏ.꯵꯰x꯱꯲꯵ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯥꯏ.꯵꯰x꯱꯵꯰ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯥꯏ.꯵꯰x꯱꯶꯰ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯥꯏ.꯵꯰x꯱꯷꯵ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯥꯏ.꯵꯰x꯲꯰꯰ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯥꯏ.꯵꯰x꯲꯵꯰ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯥꯏ.꯵꯰x꯳꯰꯰ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯁꯩ꯶꯳x꯷꯵ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

ꯁꯥꯏ꯶꯳x꯸꯰ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

ꯁꯩ꯶꯳x꯱꯰꯰ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

ꯁꯩ꯶꯳x꯱꯲꯵ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯁꯥꯏ꯶꯳x꯱꯵꯰ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

ꯁꯩ꯶꯳x꯲꯰꯰ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯥꯏ.꯶꯳x꯲꯵꯰ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

ꯁꯩ꯶꯳x꯳꯰꯰ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

ꯁꯥꯏ꯶꯳x꯳꯵꯰ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

ꯁꯩ꯸꯰x꯸꯰ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

ꯁꯩ꯸꯰x꯱꯰꯰ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

ꯁꯩ꯸꯰x꯱꯲꯵ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯁꯩ꯸꯰x꯱꯵꯰ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

ꯁꯩ꯸꯰x꯱꯷꯵ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯁꯩ꯸꯰x꯲꯰꯰ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯁꯩ꯸꯰x꯲꯵꯰ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯁꯩ꯸꯰x꯳꯰꯰ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

ꯁꯩ꯸꯰x꯳꯵꯰ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯁꯥꯏ꯸꯰x꯴꯰꯰ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯁꯩ꯸꯰x꯴꯵꯰ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯍꯠ ꯇꯦꯒꯁ: SAI ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯖ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯟꯗꯔ, ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥ, ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤ, ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯝ, ꯍꯣꯂꯁꯦꯜ

ꯏꯅꯛꯕꯥꯔꯤ ꯊꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ